CARDIAC ARREST, heart attack

 What is Cardiac Arrest?

It occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating, cutting off blood flow to the brain and vital organs. It's a medical emergency requiring immediate action.

Pathophysiology:

The heart's electrical system malfunctions, disrupting its normal rhythm. This often leads to ventricular fibrillation, where the heart quivers ineffectively, failing to pump blood.

Causes:

* Coronary artery disease

* Heart attack

* Arrhythmias

* Congenital heart defects

* Severe electrolyte imbalances

* overdose

Signs & symptoms:

* Sudden collapse

* No pulse or breathing

Loss of consciousness

* Sometimes, gasping or seizures

Diagnosis:

* ECG (Electrocardiogram)

* Blood tests

* Imaging if needed

Treatment:

1. Immediate Response:

Call emergency services.

* Start CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation).

* Use an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) if available.

2. Hospital Care:

* Advanced life support (e.g., intubation, medications like epinephrine).

* Treat underlying causes (angioplasty for blockages, pacemaker for rhythm control).