Brain Tumor

 Brain Tumor

What is a Brain Tumor?

A cancerous or non-cancerous mass or growth of abnormal cells in the brain.

Pathophysiology:

Tumor cells grow uncontrollably, compressing or invading brain tissue, disrupting normal brain function, and increasing intracranial pressure.

Types of Brain Tumors:

a. Primary Tumors:

1. Gliomas (e.g., astrocytoma, glioblastoma)

2. Meningiomas

3. Pituitary

4. Medulloblastomas

5. Schwannomas

b. Secondary (Metastatic) Tumors:

Spread from cancers elsewhere (lung, breast, etc.)

Causes & Risk Factors:

Genetic mutations

Family history of brain tumors

Exposure to radiation

Weakened immune system

Certain inherited conditions (e.g., NF1, Li-Fraumeni)

Signs & Symptoms:

Persistent headaches

Nausea & vomiting

Seizures

Vision or hearing problems

Memory loss & confusion

Weakness or numbness in limbs

Balance & coordination issues

Diagnosis:

MRI or CT scan

Biopsy (to confirm tumor type)

examination

Treatment:

Surgery (if operable)

Radiation therapy

Chemotherapy

Targeted or immunotherapy

Rehabilitation (physical, occupational therapy)