Heart rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, blood pressure

Heart Rate (HR) :

The number of times your heart beats per minute (bpm).

Normal Resting HR: 60-100 bpm

Athletes: 40-60 bpm

Tachycardia: >100 bpm

Bradycardia: <60 bpm

Cardiac Output (CO) :

The total volume of blood the heart pumps per minute.

Formula: CO = Stroke Volume × Heart Rate

Normal Range: 4-8 L/min

Stroke Volume (SV) :

amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle per heartbeat.

Normal Range: 60-100 mL/beat

Blood Pressure (BP) :

The force exerted by circulating blood on artery walls.

Normal: 120/80 mmHg

Hypertension: ≥ 140/90 mmHg

Hypotension: ≤ 90/60 mmHg