What is Cardiac Arrest?
It occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating, cutting off blood flow to the brain and vital organs. It's a medical emergency requiring immediate action.
Pathophysiology:
The heart's electrical system malfunctions, disrupting its normal rhythm. This often leads to ventricular fibrillation, where the heart quivers ineffectively, failing to pump blood.
Causes:
* Coronary artery disease
* Heart attack
* Arrhythmias
* Congenital heart defects
* Severe electrolyte imbalances
* overdose
Signs & symptoms:
* Sudden collapse
* No pulse or breathing
Loss of consciousness
* Sometimes, gasping or seizures
Diagnosis:
* ECG (Electrocardiogram)
* Blood tests
* Imaging if needed
Treatment:
1. Immediate Response:
Call emergency services.
* Start CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation).
* Use an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) if available.
2. Hospital Care:
* Advanced life support (e.g., intubation, medications like epinephrine).
* Treat underlying causes (angioplasty for blockages, pacemaker for rhythm control).
