Pneumonia
What is Pneumonia?
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid or pus.
Pathophysiology:
Infectious agents invade the lungs, causing alveolar inflammation, fluid accumulation, and impaired oxygen exchange.
Pneumonia Causes & Risk Factors:
Bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
Viruses (flu, COVID-19)
Fungi (in immunocompromised people)
Aspiration of food/liquids
Chronic illnesses (COPD, diabetes)
Smoking
Weakened immune system
Pneumonia Signs & Symptoms:
High fever & chills
Productive cough
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Fatigue
Diagnosis of Pneumonia :
Chest X-ray
Blood & sputum tests
Pulse oximetry
Physical exam
Treatment for pneumonia:
Antibiotics (for bacterial pneumonia)
Antivirals (for viral pneumonia)
Rest, fluids, oxygen therapy (if needed)
Hospitalization (for severe cases)
Complications of pneumonia:
Respiratory failure
Sepsis
Lung abscess
